Statutory Interpretation for Parks and Gardens Act - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theStatutory Interpretationfor Parks and Gardens Week Act. Answer: The current task depends on the legal translation of the Parks and Gardens Week Act 2017 (the Act). This is a state enactment of the territory of Victoria in Australia. The task is to be done based on a case situation which includes conceivable break of the specific arrangements of the current enactment. Based on the legal translation, certain issues and questions in regards to the case situations will be talked about. To respond to the inquiry it is essential that the case must be comprehended. Jeremy and Luisa had visited the scene where the Parks and Garden Week was composed. The occasion was being held in the Caulfield Racecourse. They were in an inebriated state. Luisa had carried with her 20 emblems with a logo of weed plant embellished on it. She had likewise referenced an engraving which empowered smoking of pot at the event[1]. They set up a slow down under a tree in the occasion and showed a covered sign with the goal of exchange. It was determined that no cash would be included. It would just include bargain or exchange. This implied the emblems would be traded for some great. Among the potential purchasers who visited the slow down there was a warden[2]. He quickly educated the team that they were not qualified for sell any things inside the premises of the occasion. Anyway they challenged his requests and stood up to. The official needed to utilize power and call upon a sergeant. The e mblems were reallocated. Additionally when they were leaving the spot, the superintendent gave over a punishment notice where they were charged under segment 15 and 22 of the Parks and Gardens Week Act 2017. Hence the standards of legal translation must be applied in the current case situation to decide if the accompanying arrangements are really pertinent on Jeremy and Luisa or not. Legal understanding is finished by judges of the courts. The enactments are made by the parliament that is the administrator body of the country[3]. The vast majority of advances on issues of law result because of abnormalities in the legal translation of the courts. The courts need to follow certain procedures to decide the importance of words present in a rule. Initially they need to see whether the implications of the words which are under inquiry are clear or not. Regularly a solitary word has different implications. Regularly the setting wherein the words are to be deciphered is questionable and hard to comprehend. The appointed authorities have issue in deciphering rules since if the words are utilized in the exacting sense it would be unjustified and crazy. Regularly the reason for which the expressio ns of the rule are deciphered creates turmoil. After the disarray or absence of lucidity is recognized, the appointed authorities attempt to determine it. At first legitimate resolutions and guidelines used to be deciphered in the strict sense. Anyway in the ongoing occasions the courts are attempting to change the translation style from exacting to purposive[4]. This is to make legal understanding increasingly adaptable and less inflexible. Jeremy and Luisa had contradicted area 16 of the go about as they had left their vehicle 500 meters from the setting of the occasion. According to the arrangement no consideration was to be stopped inside 5 km of the occasion region. In the current case if the exacting methodology is utilized there might be different outcomes. The pertinent arrangement which is required on Luisa and Jeremy thus is area 15 of the referenced Act. Thus it is referenced that an official can coordinate any individual offering any article in the confined region to expel it from the limited territory. Anyway in the moment case, the pair was not selling the emblems. They can guarantee this angle as a guard on the off chance that they are introduced under the watchful eye of the court[5]. They had shown their products for trade and deal. At the point when the term sell is deciphered in the strict sense it is associated with cash. In the current case they were not selling any article for cash. In addition the superintendent had utilized physical power on Jeremy to oust them out of the reason of the occasion that was being held. Jeremy can guarantee that he was harmed while power was being applied on him. Anyway area 22 of this Act will be appropriate on Luisa and Jeremy. This is on the grounds that they had would not submit to the headings of the superintendent in a tranquil way and challenged his capacity. Besides they can likewise demonstrate that they had taken consent from the office to show the emblems in the region of the occasion. Jeremy and Luisa can likewise scrutinize the authority of the superintendent as he didn't demonstrate any distinguishing proof card which should be held by him according to the necessities of segment 21 of the concerned Act. In the current inquiry it is indicated that Jeremy had protested the treatment distributed to him by the official present in the scene. He believed the way to deal with be harsh and unjustified. In addition as per him the police didn't reserve the option to reallocate the emblems from Luisa[6]. So as to answer this issue, the substance and arrangements of segment 15 and forces of a superintendent must be inspected according to this Act. Depiction with respect to the arrangement and forces of a superintendent is given in area 21 of the Act. Under subsection 4 of segment 15 approved officials are enabled to offer bearings to individuals offering articles in the directed zone to evacuate them inside a specific time. The individual requested to do so need to follow such requests. In the event that they come up short or decline to follow such requests they are dependent upon punishment. This is appeared in subsection 5 of segment 15 of the concerned Act. The most noteworthy perspective re lating to the concerned claim is referenced in sub area 6 of segment 15. It says that if the individual cannot or neglects to follow the course of the official to evacuate the article, the article is obligated for relinquishment and the concerned official has the option to seize the article[7]. The forces and arrangement of superintendents is referenced in segment 21 of the concerned Act. According to the arrangements, the superintendent must be selected by an office to do obligations to fill the need of the concerned enactment. The capacities and forces practiced by the superintendent are given upon by the arrangements and substance of the demonstration and the guidelines. The superintendent needs to convey a distinguishing proof card which is to be given by the office which selects that person. The recognizable proof card needs to demonstrate the way that it has been given to the superintendent according to the arrangements of the concerned Act. It should specify the name of the i ndividual holding it and the sort of forces that are given to him. The superintendent can advance certain barriers against the claims required by Luisa and Jeremy. He can demonstrate before the officer that whatever he had carried out was under the responsibilities given to him[8]. He can utilize the other sergeant as an observer to demonstrate that the companions opposed his position and would not move from the spot. He needs to demonstrate that no mischief was caused to Jeremy during his activity of power. In addition he likewise needs to demonstrate that since they had would not expel the articles considerably after his insinuation to them, he was constrained according to law to reallocate them. There is another character present for the situation for example Sharona. In the current case it is demonstrated that she was working an automaton which caught recordings of the occasions that were occurring in the Caulfield racecourse. As for this demonstration of her, the arrangements of segment 17 can be applied. This specific area talks about control of the space noticeable all around. According to the arrangements of this area an individual is precluded from entering an airplane while the Park and Gardens Week occasion is going on. Additionally the individual in question isn't permitted to work the airplane inside the air space that is limited without a freedom acquired from the concerned organization that is directing the event[9]. On the off chance that the individual does so the person is subject to confront punishment according to the arrangements of this Act. This specific area prohibits the utilization of military and police airplane utilized for security, military and pos sibility circumstances. Additionally if the airplane is utilized exclusively with the end goal of human wellbeing and property defend, the arrangements of the segment 17 would not be material. In the current case the disarray that emerges is that whether automaton could be incorporated inside the meaning of airplane. On the off chance that it is incorporated inside the definition, Sharona needs to demonstrate that she had acquired earlier authorization from the concerned organization for working it. Besides she had contradicted segment 10 subsection 3 of the Act[10]. She had entered a street which had a hindrance and a sign indicating that it was shut and it was uniquely to be utilized for vehicles. She had additionally repudiated with subsection 4 and 5 of a similar area. She doesn't appear to have any safeguard for this. Reference index Anderson, J.C., Deluding Like A Lawyer: Cognitive Bias In Statutory Interpretation (2013) 127Harv. L. Fire up Carney, G, Near Approaches To Statutory Interpretation In Civil Law And Common Law Jurisdictions. (2015) 36Statute law survey Christiansen, Matthew R. furthermore, William N. Eskridge Jr., Congressional Overrides Of Supreme Court Statutory Interpretation Decisions, 19672011 (2014) 92Texas Law Review Hofmann, N., Understanding Rules And Good Faith As Obstacles To The UK's Ratification Of The CISG And To The Harmonization Of Contract Law In Europe (2010) 22Pace Int'l L. Fire up MacCormick, D.N. furthermore, R. S. Summers,Interpreting Statutes: A Comparative Study(Routledge, first ed, 2016) McCormack, S.W., Expense Shelters And Statutory Interpretation: A Much Needed Purposive Approach (2012) 2009University of Illinois Law Review Nourse, Victoria, A Decision Theory Of Statutory Interpretation: Legislative History By The Rules (2012) 122Yale Law Journal Sanson, M,Statutory Interpretation(Oxford University Press, first ed, 2012) Szewczyk, Bart M.J., Standard International Law And Statutory Interpretation: An Empir

Ethics and Decision Making Essay Example

Morals and Decision Making Essay Section I WHAT IS ETHICS? Every general public structure a lot of decides that sets up the limits of general acknowledged conduct. These principles are regularly communicated in explanations about how individuals ought to carry on, and they fit together to shape the MORAL CODE by which a general public lives. The term MORALITY alludes to a social shows about good and bad that are so broadly shared that they become the reason for a set up accord. Meaning OF ETHICS: ETHICS †is an allowance of faith based expectations about good and bad conduct inside a general public. Moral conduct adjusts to commonly acknowledged standards a large number of which are practically general. Temperances †are propensities that slope individuals to do what is satisfactory. Indecencies †a re propensities if Unacceptable conduct. THE IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRITY: Your ethical standards are articulations of what you accept to be rules of right direct. An individual who acts with uprightness acts as per an individual code of standards. One of the foundations of Ethical conduct is to reach out to all individuals a similar regard and thought that you hope to get from others. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MORALS, ETHICS, AND LAWS MORAL’s are one’s individual convictions about good and bad while the term ETHICS portrays guidelines or codes of conduct expected of a person by a gathering to which an individual has a place. LAW is an arrangement of decides that mention to us what we may or may not be able to. Morals IN THE BUSINESS WORLD Ethics has ascended to the hig hest point of the business plan in light of the fact that the dangers related with improper conduct have expanded, both in their probability and in their latent capacity negative effect. A few patterns have improved the probability of exploitative conduct. first more prominent globalization nd †in today’s necessionary monetary atmosphere, associations are very test to look after benefits. WHY FOSTERING GOOD BUSINESS ETHICS IS IMPORTANT 1. Picking up the positive attitude of the network. 2. Making an association that works reliably. 3. Cultivating great strategic policies. 4. Shielding the association and its workers from lawful activity. 5. Maintaining a strategic distance from ominous exposure. Picking up THE GOOD WILL OF THE COMMUNITY Although association exist basically to gain benefits or offer types of assistance to clients, they additionally have some major obligations in a conventional proclamation of their company’s standards or convictions. We will compose a custom exposition test on Ethics and Decision Making explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Ethics and Decision Making explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Ethics and Decision Making explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Making AN ORGANIZATION THAT OPERATES CONSISTENTLY Organizations create and maintain qualities to make an authoritative culture and to characterize a predictable methodology for managing the necessities of their partners, representatives, clients, providers and the network. Numerous organizations share the accompanying qualities: †¢Operate with trustworthiness and uprightness †¢Operate as per guidelines of moral lead, in words and activity †¢Treat partners, clients, and purchasers with deference †¢Strive to be the best at what makes a difference most to the association †¢Value assorted variety †¢Make choices dependent on realities and standards Shielding the Organization and it’s Employees from Legal Action In a 1909 decision the U. S. Preeminent Court set up that a business can be considered liable for the demonstrations of it’s workers regardless of whether the representatives demonstration in a way in opposition to corporate strategy and their employer’s headings. Keeping away from Unfavorable Publicity The open notoriety of an organization unequivocally impacts the estimation of its stock, how buyer respect it’s item and administrations, the level of oversight it get from the administration offices, and the sum backing and participation it gets colleagues. Encouraging Good strategic policies Much of the time, great morals can mean great business and improved benefits. Organizations that produce protected and viable items maintain a strategic distance from expensive reviews and claims. Organizations that offer phenomenal support hold their clients as opposed to losing them to contenders. Improving Corporate Ethics Only one out of four associations has s very much executed morals and consistence program. Attributes of an effective morals program; †¢Employees are happy to look for guidance about morals issues †¢Employees feel arranged to deal with circumstance could peruse to unfortunate behavior †¢Employees are for moral carry on Employees feel decidedly about their organization Selecting a Corporate Ethics Officer Provides an association with vision and administration in the are of business lead. Association send an away from to workers about the significance of morals and consistence in their choice about who will be responsible for the exertion a to whom that individual will report. Explicit duties incorporate; †¢Responsibility for consistence that is guaranteeing the moral strategies are instituted and reliably clung to all through the association. †¢Responsibility to making and keeping up the morals culture that the most significant level of corporate power. Obligation regarding being a key information and contact individual on issues identifying with corporate morals and standards. Moral Standard set by Board of Directors The directorate is liable for the cautious and mindful administration of an association. The board satisfies some of it’s duties straightforwardly and dole out others to different panels. Building up a Corporate Code of Ethics A code morals is an explanations that features the association key moral issues and recognizes the overall qualities and rules that are essential to the association and its dynamic. Model; Intel Conducting Social Audits An association surveys how well it is meeting its moral and social duty, objectives, and imparts its new objective for the up and coming year. Expecting Employees to take Ethics Training Today, most clinicians concur that the old Greek logicians accepted that individual feeling about good and bad conduct could be improved through instruction. Lawrence Kohlberg, the late Harvard analyst, found that numerous components invigorate person’s moral turn of events, yet probably the most zone is training. Making an Ethical Work Environment Most workers need to play out their occupations effectively and morally however great business at some point settle on awful moral decisions. Remembering Ethical Consideration for Decision Making Develop a Problem Statement A difficult proclamation is a reasonable, succinct portrayal of the issue that should be tended to. One must accumulate and break down realities to build up a decent issue proclamation. Look for data and conclusions from an assortment of individuals to expand your casing of reference. Recognize Alternatives The phase of dynamic, it is perfect to enroll the assistance of others, including partners to distinguish a few choices answers for the issue. During conceptualizing process make an effort not to be reproachful of thoughts. Assess and Choose Alternatives Evaluating dependent on various models, for example, viability at tending to the issue, the degree of hazard related with every elective expense, and time execution. The option chose ought to be morally and legitimately faultless: be reliable with the organization’s approaches and codes of morals; consider the effect on others; and, obviously give a decent answer for the issue. Four basic ways to deal with moral dynamic Approach managing to moral issues : Standards Virtue morals approach the moral decision best reflects moral excellencies in yourself and in your locale. Utilitarian Approach the moral decision produce the best overabundance of the advantages over damage. Reasonableness Approach the moral decision treats everybody the equivalent and shows no kindness or segregation. Basic Good Approach the moral decision progresses the normal merchandise. Ideals Ethics Approach The uprightness morals way to deal with dynamic spotlights on how you ought to carry on and consider relationship in the event that you are worried about your every day life I a network. It can likewise be applied to the business world by likening the excellencies of a decent businessman. Utilitarian Approach The utilitarian way to deal with the moral dynamic expresses that you ought to pick the activity or the arrangement that has the best generally ramifications for all the individuals who are legitimately or in a roundabout way influenced. Decency Approach The reasonableness approach centers o how decently and strategies disseminate advantages and weights among all individuals influenced by the choice. Normal Good Approach The benefit of everyone way to deal with dynamic depends on a dream of society as a network whose part cooperate to accomplish a typical arrangement of qualities and objectives. Actualize Decision Once the choices are chosen, it ought to be executed in a productive, viable and convenient way. Assess the Results Monitor the outcomes to check whether the longing impact was accomplished, and watched the effect on the association and the different partners.

How to Identify Financial Abuse in a Relationship

How to Identify Financial Abuse in a Relationship Relationships Violence and Abuse Print How to Identify Financial Abuse in a Relationship By Sherri Gordon facebook twitter Sherri Gordon is a published author and a bullying prevention expert. Learn about our editorial policy Sherri Gordon Updated on January 19, 2020 Stas_V / Getty Images More in Relationships Violence and Abuse Spouses & Partners LGBTQ When most people think of domestic abuse, the first thing that comes to mind is likely verbal abuse and physical assault. But research shows that financial abuse occurs just as frequently in unhealthy relationships as other forms of abuse. In fact, a study by the  Centers for Financial Security  found that 99% of domestic violence cases also involved financial abuse.?? Whats more, financial abuse is often the first sign of dating violence and  domestic abuse. Consequently, knowing how to identify financial abuse is critical to your safety and security. What Is Financial Abuse? Financial abuse involves controlling a victims ability to acquire, use,  and maintain financial resources. Those who are victimized financially may be prevented from working. They also may have their own money restricted or stolen by the abuser. And rarely do they have complete access to money and other resources. When they do  have money,  they often have to account for every penny they spend.?? Overall, the forms of financial abuse vary from situation to situation. Sometimes an abuser may use subtle tactics like manipulation while other abusers  may be more overt,  demanding, and intimidating. In the end, the goal is always the sameâ€"to gain power and control in a relationship. While less commonly understood than other forms of abuse, financial abuse is one of the most powerful methods of keeping a victim trapped in an abusive relationship. Research shows that victims often are too  concerned about their ability to provide financially for themselves and their children to end the relationship. Plus, financial insecurity is one of the top reasons women return to an abusive partner.?? The Impact of Financial Abuse The effects of financial abuse are often devastating. Victims feel inadequate and unsure of themselves due to the emotional abuse that accompanies financial abuse. They also have to go without food and other necessities because they have no money. In the short-term, financial abuse leaves victims vulnerable to physical abuse and violence.?? Without access to money, credit cards, and other financial assets, its extremely difficult to do any type of safety planning. For instance, if an abuser is particularly violent and the victim needs to leave in order to stay safe, this is difficult without money or a credit card. And if they need to leave the relationship  permanently, it is challenging to find safe and affordable housing. They also struggle to provide for basic needs like food, clothing, and transportation. For those who do manage to escape an abusive situation, they  often face extreme difficulties in obtaining long-term housing, safety, and security.?? Victims often have spotty employment records, ruined credit histories, and mounting legal issues caused by years of financial abuse. Consequently, its very difficult for them to establish independence and long-term security. In fact, many victims stay with or return to abusers due to concerns about financial stability. Tactics Used by People Who Financially Abuse Others Overall, financial abuse is very isolating because victims often become financially dependent on their abusers. This financial dependence traps them in the relationship. Without resources, they are unable to see a way out of their situation. For this reason, its extremely important that women can identify financial abuse before it escalates and they are stripped of their credit histories and employment opportunities. Following is an overview of the way financial abuse is perpetrated. Some abusers may use all of these tactics while others may only use one or two. Regardless of whether the abusive person is using one tactic or 10, its still considered financial abuse. Here are some ways in which people are abused financially. Exploiting Your Resources   When a dating partner or spouse uses or controls the money you have earned or saved, they are exploiting your resources. Here are some examples of this exploitation. Trying to control your use of or access to money you have earned or savedUsing your assets for their personal benefit without askingTaking money or using  credit cards without permissionRuining your credit history by running up limits and then not paying billsClaiming to make payments or pay bills in your name but not following throughBorrowing money or making charges without repaying itFeeling entitled to your money or assetsDemanding that you turn over your paycheck, passwords, and credit cardsExpecting you to pay for  their bills or their obligationsUsing offers to help with your budget or financial decisions as a cover for gaining control over your financesRequiring you to bail them out of difficult financial situations?Confiscating your paycheck or other sources of incomeIntercepting or opening your bank statements and other financial recordsThreatening to lie to officials and claim you are cheating or misusing benefits ?Interfering With Your Job   When a dating partner or spouse attempts to control your ability to earn money or gain assets, they are interfering with your income potential.  Here are some examples of job interference. Criticizing and minimizing your job or choice of careerPressuring you to quit your jobâ€"sometimes even using children as an excuseTelling you where you can and cannot workSabotaging your work responsibilitiesHarassing you at work by calling, texting, or stopping byPreventing you from working by hiding your keys, unhooking your car battery, taking your car without permission, or offering to babysit and then not showing up ?Controlling Shared Assets and Resources When a dating partner or spouse has complete control over the money in the relationship and you have little or no access to what you need, this is controlling the family resources. Here are some examples of controlling shared resources and assets. Criticizing every financial decision you makeReducing your freedom to plan or budgetMaking large financial decisions without your inputRefusing to collaborate on financesHiding or taking funds and putting them in a private accountInsisting you share your income but refusing to share theirsRefusing to work or contribute to the family incomeControlling the “purse strings” or establishing unrealistic limits or  allowancesRequiring you to account for every penny you spend (may even ask for receipts and change)Having a double standard when it comes to spending (they may spend money on entertainment, dining out, and clothing but criticize you when you make similar purchases)Withholding financial information such as account passwords, account numbers, and investment informationLimiting your access to the overall financial picture as a coupleWithholding money from you or requiring you to ask for moneyDemanding that you ask permission before spending money but not consulting you when they make purchasesRequiring that large, joint purchases be in their name only (such as car loans, mortgages, cell phones, or apartment leases)Limiting your access to money by not allowing you to have bank accounts or credit cardsForcing you to sign financial documents without explanationsMaking threats to cut you off financially when you disagreeBecoming enraged over money and then engaging in other forms of abuse like name-calling or physical violenceEvading or refusing to pay child supportDragging out divorce proceedings in order to cripple you financially ?A Word From Verywell If you suspect that your partner or spouse is financially abusive, contact an advocate, a counselor, or a religious leader right away. Financial abuse is not something that gets better with time. In fact, it often escalates and can lead to other types of abuse. If you do not have a counselor or religious leader who can help, contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-SAFE. The key is to address financial abuse right away.

The Allegory Of The People - 1374 Words

Sometime between 507 and 517 B.C. Plato transcribed a story from Socrates that could describe the ignorance and enlightenment of people and their interactions with change called â€Å"the Allegory of the People in the Cave†. Two of the major recurring themes in the story illustrate the epistemological argument as well as the views of rationalism. I will also briefly explore the tangent of Empiricism inspired by the story’s experiences to help understand the cause and effects of ones search for knowledge. In this essay we will summarize the story and explore the philosophical views of those characters in and why in the end they feel the way that they do, â€Å"The Allegory of the People in the Cave† text is more than a story but rather an important†¦show more content†¦207), in turn because this was the only perceived vision the people within the cave began to identify and name these shadows creating their own world where whispers and shadows would becom e the only known forms of perception â€Å"To them the shadows are the only truth†(pp. 208). Until one day one of the chained persons was freed by an unknown. When released the newly unrestricted person was now free to move independently, however this new freedom caused him much pain as his body was not used to such movement, head turns, and walking was quite excruciating. Even more perplexing than these new sensations of discomfort with movements was the vision of new and foreign objects never before seen by anyone within the confines of the cave. At the beginning of his forced ascension he is forced to identify and begin naming these object that he has seen with the puppets that those objects casting shadows not immediately recognizing that these were indeed the objects creating shadows along with the fire that was previously perceived as the sun or the equivocation thereof. Forced further up the cave to the point where he exited the darkness and entered into the sunlight. He was suddenly blinded by the sheer radiance of the light of the real world, the painful adjustment to the sunlight light allowed him to explore further into this new world he had been

The Power of Pythons String Templates

Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language. It is easy to learn because its syntax emphasizes readability, which reduces the expense of program maintenance. Many programmers love working with Python because—without the compilation step—testing and debugging go quickly.​ Python Web Templating Templating, especially web templating, represents data in forms usually intended to be readable by  a viewer. The simplest form of a templating engine substitutes values into the template to produce the output.   Aside from the string constants and the deprecated string functions, which moved to string methods, Pythons string module also includes string templates. The template itself is a class that receives a string as its argument. The object instantiated from that class is called a template string object. Template strings were first introduced in Python 2.4. Where string formatting operators used the percentage sign for substitutions, the template object uses dollar signs. $$ is an escape sequence; it is replaced with a single $.$identifier names a substitution placeholder matching a mapping key of identifier. By default, identifier must spell a Python identifier. The first non-identifier character after the $ character terminates this placeholder specification.${identifier} is equivalent to $identifier. It is required when valid identifier characters follow the placeholder but are not part of the placeholder, such as ${noun}ification. Outside of these uses of the dollar sign, any appearance of $ causes a ValueError to be raised. The methods available through template strings are as follows: Class string. Template(template): The constructor takes a single argument, which is the template string.Substitute(mapping, **keywords): Method that substitutes the string values (mapping) for the template string values. Mapping is a dictionary-like object, and its values may be accessed as a dictionary. If the keywords argument is used, it represents placeholders. Where both mapping and keywords are used, the latter takes precedence. If a placeholder is missing from mapping or keywords, a KeyError is thrown.Safe_substitute(mapping, **keywords): Functions similarly to substitute(). However, if a placeholder is missing from mapping or keywords, the original placeholder is used by default, thus avoiding the KeyError. Also, any occurrence of $ returns a dollar sign. Template objects also have one publicly available attribute: Template is the object passed to the constructors template argument. While read-only access is not enforced, it is best not to change this attribute in your program. The sample shell session below serves to illustrate template string objects. from string import Template s Template($when, $who $action $what.) s.substitute(whenIn the summer, whoJohn, actiondrinks, whaticed tea) In the summer, John drinks iced tea. s.substitute(whenAt night, whoJean, actioneats, whatpopcorn) At night, Jean eats popcorn. s.template $when, $who $action $what. d dict(whenin the summer) Template($who $action $what $when).safe_substitute(d) $who $action $what in the summer

Attributes of Allah Free Essays

Allah is the proper name of God, however, we know Him generally through His attributes. These attributes describe how Allah manifests Himself to us. God’s attributes are innumerable since human intellect cannot possibly comprehend every aspect of the Supreme Being. We will write a custom essay sample on Attributes of Allah or any similar topic only for you Order Now A Hadith of the Holy Prophet (peace be on him) makes mention of Ninety Nine names of Allah commonly known as al- Asmaul Husna, the Most Names. In the Holy Quran we read: â€Å"And to Allah alone belong all perfect attributes. So call Him by these. And leave alone those who deviate from the right way with respect to His Attributes. † (7:181). â€Å"Allah – there is no God but He, the Living, the Self-Subsisting and All-Sustaining. Slumber seizes Him not, nor sleep. To Him belongs whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. Who is he that will intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what is before them and what is behind them; and they encompass nothing of His knowledge except what He pleases. His knowledge extends over the heavens and the earth; and the care of them burdens Him not;and He is the High, the Great. † (2:256) Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The similitude of His light is a lustrous niche, wherein is a lamp. The lamp is in a glass. The glass is as it were a glittering star. It is lit from blessed tree – an olive – neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil would well-nigh glow forth even though fire touched it not. Light upon light! Allah guides to His light whomsoever He will. And Allah sets forth parables to men, and Allah know all things full well. This light is now lit in houses with regard to which Allah has ordained that they be exalted and that His name be remembered in them, Therein is He glorified in the mornings and the evenings (24:36-37) â€Å"He is Allah, and there is no God beside Him, the Knower of the unseen and the seen. He is Gracious, the Merciful. He is Allah, and there is no God beside Him, the Sovereign, the Holy One, the Source of Peace, the Bestower of Security, the Protector, the Mighty, the Subduer, the Exalted. Holy is Allah far above that which they associate with Him. He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker, the Fashioner. His are the most Beautiful Names. All that is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, and He is the Mighty the Wise. (59: 23-25) Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Holy Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) said, â€Å"Allah has ninety nine Names, one hundred less one; and who memorized them all by heart will enter Paradise. † (Bukhari, The Book of Tauhid. How to cite Attributes of Allah, Papers

Attributes of Allah Free Essays

Allah is the proper name of God, however, we know Him generally through His attributes. These attributes describe how Allah manifests Himself to us. God’s attributes are innumerable since human intellect cannot possibly comprehend every aspect of the Supreme Being. We will write a custom essay sample on Attributes of Allah or any similar topic only for you Order Now A Hadith of the Holy Prophet (peace be on him) makes mention of Ninety Nine names of Allah commonly known as al- Asmaul Husna, the Most Names. In the Holy Quran we read: â€Å"And to Allah alone belong all perfect attributes. So call Him by these. And leave alone those who deviate from the right way with respect to His Attributes. † (7:181). â€Å"Allah – there is no God but He, the Living, the Self-Subsisting and All-Sustaining. Slumber seizes Him not, nor sleep. To Him belongs whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. Who is he that will intercede with Him except by His permission? He knows what is before them and what is behind them; and they encompass nothing of His knowledge except what He pleases. His knowledge extends over the heavens and the earth; and the care of them burdens Him not;and He is the High, the Great. † (2:256) Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The similitude of His light is a lustrous niche, wherein is a lamp. The lamp is in a glass. The glass is as it were a glittering star. It is lit from blessed tree – an olive – neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil would well-nigh glow forth even though fire touched it not. Light upon light! Allah guides to His light whomsoever He will. And Allah sets forth parables to men, and Allah know all things full well. This light is now lit in houses with regard to which Allah has ordained that they be exalted and that His name be remembered in them, Therein is He glorified in the mornings and the evenings (24:36-37) â€Å"He is Allah, and there is no God beside Him, the Knower of the unseen and the seen. He is Gracious, the Merciful. He is Allah, and there is no God beside Him, the Sovereign, the Holy One, the Source of Peace, the Bestower of Security, the Protector, the Mighty, the Subduer, the Exalted. Holy is Allah far above that which they associate with Him. He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker, the Fashioner. His are the most Beautiful Names. All that is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, and He is the Mighty the Wise. (59: 23-25) Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: The Holy Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him) said, â€Å"Allah has ninety nine Names, one hundred less one; and who memorized them all by heart will enter Paradise. † (Bukhari, The Book of Tauhid. How to cite Attributes of Allah, Papers

Outline of Vincent Van Gogh Essay Example For Students

Outline of Vincent Van Gogh Essay Vincent Van GoghI. Early LifeA. Birth1.Vincent van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853. 2.Vincent van Gogh was born in Groot Zundert, The Netherlands . 3.Van Goghs birth came one year to the day after his mother gave birth to a first, stillborn childalso named Vincent. B. Family1. Theodorus van Gogh was Vincent father.And Anna Cornelia Carbentus was Vincent Mother. 2. Vincent had Brother name Theo van Gogh. 3.Vincent had a Sister name Elizabeth Van Gogh. C. School1.Van Gogh attended a boarding school in Zevenbergen from when he was ten to twelve. 2. King Willem II secondary school in Tilburg from thirdteen to fifthteen. 3.Van Gogh left his studies at fifthteen and never returned. II. First Two CareersA. An Art Dealer1.When Vincent Van Gogh was 16 he joined the firm Goupil Cie,a firm of art dealers in The Hague. 2.Vincent was relatively successful as an art dealer and stayed with Goupil Cie. for seven more years. 3.When Vincent Van Gogh was 20 was transferred to the London branch of the company. 4.Vincent would stay there for two years and transfer to paris for a year and then come back to london. B. Protestant minister1.When Vincent Van Gogh was 23 it was truly a time of religious transformation for him. 2.Vincent began to speak at prayer meetings held within the parish of Turnham Green. 3.Vincent was enthusiastic about his prospects as a minister, his sermons were somewhat lackluster and lifeless. 4. Later Van Gogh decide to moved to his next and final career which was An Artist. III. Beginnings as an Artist A.The Starting1.Vincent started to by applied for study at the Ecole des Beaux-Art in Brussels. 2.Van Gogh was reject from the art school. 3.Vincent continued drawings lessons on his own. 4.An 28 year old Van Gogh moved back in with his parents while studying. B.Van Gogh First major love1.During Van Gogh stay with his Parents in Netherlands , he met his cousin Cornelia Adriana Vos-Stricker (nickname Kee). 2.Vincent fell in love with Kee and was devastated when she rejected his advances. 3.After a Family agurement and conficlt with kee parent Van Gogh was humiliated when it was over. C. Van Gogh Second Major love1.Vincent van Gogh met Clasina Maria Hoornik (nickname Sien) when he was 29, in The Hague. 2.Vincent lived with Sien for the next year and a half. 3. Van Gogh was very devoted to Sien and her child. IV.New BeginningsA.Paris1.Theo convined Vincent to move to paris, Vincent was 33 year old. 2.Vincent lived in Paris for two years. 3.Vincent lived with Theo in his Apartment. B. Japanesse Inspiration1.Japan recently opened its ports and many artist were influence by it culture difference. 2.Van Gogh made only 3 Heavy Japanesse paintings . C. Leaving Paris 1.Van Gogh had a unhealthy extremes like poor nutrition, and excessive drinking and smoking while living in Paris. 2.Vincent more happy then when he was outdoors communing with nature when the weather was at its finest and when badweather came in Paris, Vincent got depressed and irritable. 3.Also Vincent didnt enjoy living it a big city such as Paris IV.ArlesA.Two Artist1.An 35 year old Vincent Van Gogh lived with an artist name Paul Gauguin in Arles. 2.Vincent and Paul would be good friend at first and discussing their art and differing techniques. 3.Van Gogh and Guaguin would get in to a heat arguement and would become more frequent. B.The Cutting of the Ear1. December 23,Vincent van Gogh, in an irrational fit of madness, mutilated the lower portion of his left ear. .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15 , .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15 .postImageUrl , .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15 , .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15:hover , .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15:visited , .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15:active { border:0!important; } .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15:active , .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15 .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u576e17c8fae8a6905d0c327a5bad9a15:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Luke's Three Dimensions of Power Essay2. He severed the lobe with a razor and wrapped it in cloth. 3. Van Gogh then gave it to a women that work in the brothel. C.Van Gogh in the hospital1.Van Gogh would later collapse and be sent to an Hospital. 2.Vincent had suffered a great deal of blood loss and continued to suffer serious attacks in which he was incapacitated. 3.Van Gogh would later be released and would be reconfinement in a asylum. V. Confinement A. Van Goghs Sickness1.Van Gogh was placed in the care of Dr. Thophile Zacharie Auguste Peyron . 2. Dr. Peyron was convinced that his patient (Vincent) was suffering from a type of epilepsy. 3.Vincents mental well-being remained stable and he was allowed to resume painting.and produce Starry Night. B. Let Another Breakdown1. Another Mental attack Vincent tried to ingest his own paints. 2. Van gogh had many other Mental breakdown or attacks during his stay in the Asylum. C. Leaving the Aslyum1. Theo , Vincent Van Goghs Brother thought it be for the best if Vincent would return to Paris and be care by Dr. Paul Gachet . 2. May 16, 1890 Vincent van Gogh left the asylum and took an overnight train to Paris. VI. An Death of a ArtistA. Death1.Vincent Van Gogh shot wit a revolver himself in the chest on July 27, 1890. 2.Van Gogh died in his brother arms. 3.Vincent van Gogh died at 1:30 am. on 29 July 18904.The Catholic church of Auvers refused to allow Vincents burial in its cemetery because Vincent had committed suicide. 5.The nearby township of Mry, however, agreed to allow the burial and the funeral was held on 30 July. Words/ Pages : 897 / 24

Analysis of a Start

Analysis of a Start Introduction Technological innovations have influenced the manner in which people operate from roads to their offices. The rapid growth of technology seems to influence even the automotive and transport industry (Akhilesh 2013).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Analysis of a Start-up Lyft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whereas several businesses and innovative ventures are emerging each day in the modern world, uniqueness and exclusivity are becoming an important factor in the growth and development of modern businesses (Osterwalder Pigneur 2013). Innovators regularly come up with new ideas, but their innovations rarely capture the market and consumers, and hence, they slowly plummet, because they fail to receive the expected adoption. With the changing trends in consumer preferences, competent businesses are emerging with tantalizing business models and products, and thus new technologies have found it un easy to penetrate the already explored markets (Louise 2013). A starting technology meets many challenges and fears among financiers over the emerging technological businesses, as they are normally unsure of its future commencement. Fundamental to such notions, this research provides a professional analysis of a start-up tech venture known as Lyft. Description of the Venture Lyft is a modern and privately owned tech venture that emerged through innovations in the cab transportation company, and it is currently gaining extensive support and fame across the American roads (Lyft 2014). Initiated during the summer of 2012, two innovators John Zimmer and Logan Green began the transport business and named it Zimride to offer passengers peer-to-peer ride sharing experiences (Lyft 2014).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Zimmer and Green developed the Lyft transport system with a dream of enabling passengers save money, avoid congested city traffic, and bring communities together through rideshare transport program (Lyft 2014). The cabs form a system of transport network with the company affording to connect and match drivers with passengers, who have requested for a cab ride through the Lyft Android and iPhone mobile applications. Lyft promotes the venture by encouraging passengers to influence their friend to sign up and reward them with $25 on the subsequent ride. Using Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and background checks, Lyft screens drivers to assess their credibility and driving record standards in a stricter manner than the traditional taxis (Lyft 2014). Lyft taxis are unique because they receive voluntary donations from passengers, unlike traditional taxis that rely on cash payments. Deposited weekly into their bank accounts, these community drivers receive approximately 80% of the total donations that passengers voluntarily produ ce (Lyft 2014). Independent community drivers must have personal cars in good working condition and must possess Android phones or iPhone connected to passengers via the mobile applications. Business Model Canvas for the Venture In undertaking the professional analysis of Lyft as a new venture in America, this research paper uses the business model canvas to carry out the business analysis process.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Analysis of a Start-up Lyft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business model canvas is a modern form of the strategic entrepreneurial and management tool that allows businesspersons to challenge, design, describe, or even formulate and support their businesses (Manzano 2012). Business canvas model has several elements that help businesspersons to describe and analyze a business system. It encompasses an appraisal of business partners, key activities, key resources, value proposition s, customer relationships, business channels, revenue streams, customer segments, and the cost structure. Key Partners The key partners of Lyft business innovation are the core members, including the founder, John Zimmer, who oversees overall operations and progress, Amy Fox, who is in charge of partnership development, business counselor, Beth Stevens (Lyft 2014). Corey Owens is responsible for maintaining public policy, Bill Vainisi is the vice president, and deputy general counsel, Kedar Deshpande, is responsible for strategic initiatives, while Marzia Zafaris is the director of planning and policy (Lyft 2014). The community drivers, Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), insurance agencies and companies, and the passengers are also important partners of Lyft. Key Activities Lyft undertakes numerous activities to ensure the rideshare program becomes effective. The main activity is to provide efficient and cheap transport of passengers and building an effective rideshare community (L yft 2014). Lyft connects drivers and passengers technologically using Android and iPhone applications. The company collaborates with insurance companies and the Department of Motor Vehicles to enhance transportation safety (Lyft 2014).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lyft ensures that they scrutinize drivers through background checks and analyzing driving record standards, uses technological app feedback to analyze driver rating by passengers, and ensures an active the $1,000,000 excess insurance program. Key Resources For the rideshare program to be effective, Lyft has been relying on numerous important assets and human resources. Human resources that are valued the most are the skilled drivers. The most important assets in the business are cars for taking passengers around designated locations (Lyft 2014). Lyft Transportation Company requires the Smartphones, especially Android phones, tablets, and iPhones that can support mobile applications, which connect drivers with passengers (Lyft 2014). Smartphones must have the independent Lyft applications installed as one of the most important recourses that the passengers use to invite friends, co-workers, and relatives. Value Propositions The intention of Lyft is large and unique in nature. Lyft ai ms at leveraging passengers to use charitable free lifts enable them to avoid pedestal walls that expose them to carbon inhalation, and finally bring unity among communities (Lyft 2014). Lyft business program aims at providing affordable, convenient rideshares, and improving the road safety through proper screening of credibility of drivers using criminal and background checks (Lyft 2014). Therefore, Lyft aims at reducing cost and risk of travel, while enhancing credibility of drivers and improving transit convenience for the passengers. Customer Relationships Lyft has a unique customer-business relationship that hinges upon trust as one of the most important virtues between the two actors, and it is useful for the emerging peer economy (Lyft 2014). Customers do not pay directly during service delivery, but willing donors send their contributions to the company after receiving free rides (Lyft 2014). Customers expect the taxi drivers to remain genuine during the offering of rides, a s the Lyft principles require them, but not make any cash payments during the free rides. Business Channels The mobile phone technology in Lyft is an important innovation as it builds the central business channel (Lyft 2014). Customers remain connected through the Lyft mobile applications that act as the platform for social connection. The Smartphones connect customers and drivers, and thus provide a means of enabling Lyft to assess the credibility of community drivers through a rating of 1 out of five rides scale (Lyft 2014). Passengers capable of bringing friends to free ride get $25 free credit for the next ride. Revenue Streams Revenue streams involve means of generating income within the business. The Lyft free rideshare program has ensured satisfaction among customers and since the payment is voluntary donation, the passengers are of different economic class and capable of giving higher amounts than from direct service charges (Lyft 2014). The voluntary community contribution exceeds what ordinary taxis generate through direct service charges, as passengers give based on their willingness and financial abilities (Lyft 2014). Customer Segments Each business, according to economists, has its own customer segment (Osterwalder Pigneur 2013). Lyft has a business customer segment that focuses on the niche business platform, as it targets specifically the passengers. In the niche market, business relationships between consumers and service or goods providers rely solely on the specific necessities of the positioned market (Osterwalder Pigneur 2013). Lyft focuses on developing the passenger community and providing them with affordable and reliable taxi transport system. The Cost Structure Cost structure in business model canvas is the cost incurred in running the business model. Lyft business model seeks to eliminate the notion of pay service in the taxi transport network, as its most important duty is to make city rides cost-effective to passengers (Lyft 2014 ). The cost structure of the business model is therefore variable, as the service. The provision does not rely on fixed payments, but relies on the voluntary community donations prior to free peer-to-peer rideshare service. The donations vary depending on individual donors. Table 1: The Business Model Canvas Key Partners Founder John Zimmer, Logan Green, Corey Owens, others Community Lyft drivers DMV and insurance companies Key Activities Free rides Driver screening Partnering with insurances Value proposition charitable free lifts safe driving suitable driving protecting passengers form carbon cost effective rides Customer Relationships Communities Trust Understanding Honesty Customer Segments Niche business platform Concerned particularly with passengers Key resources Human resources Capital resources Cars and vans Channels Phone apps Technology Cost Structure Variable and unpredictable as it entails donations Revenue Streams Brokerage fees, Advertising a nd Negotiation SWOT Analysis for the Venture SWOT, which is a renowned business analysis tool, stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, and assesses the entrepreneurial model of a business system (Dyson 2004). Fundamentally, SWOT analyzes capabilities, limitations, chances, and risks that businesses experience. This section of the term paper presents a professional assessment of Lyft business system using the SWOT analysis tool. Strengths of Lyft Tech Venture The main strength of Lyft tech venture is that it serves on a unique and modernized business system that relies on simple mobile phone technology, which connects targeted consumers and drivers. As the use of Smartphones is increasing and their demand is very high, it provides a platform for Lyft to flourish. The Lyft mobile applications rooted in modern and trendy Smartphones enable consumers to enjoy easy communication, connection, convenience, and reliability with service providers. Lyft is a modern te chnology business that also understands the aspect of sociability in the business. Weaknesses of Lyft Tech Venture The foremost weakness that is likely to hamper a smooth development of the Lyft technology venture is dishonesty. Many passengers that may require the rideshare program are youngsters, whose capacity to give voluntary donations remain limited. Due to such notions, the future of the technology venture relies on donations to pay community drivers. Since youths and teenagers may misuse the joy rides, the venture may suffer financial constraints as the misuse hampers its sustainability. Opportunities of Lyft Tech Venture A young technology venture with great innovative ideas has great advancement opportunities. As the business model is still young, the ideas are fresh in the market, involve active and youthful population, it has many opportunities in technology markets, which seem underexploited. The cost-effective approach tailored to community may assist to generate enorm ous market fame and substantial consumer reputation, which may support its future progress in other potential markets. Moreover, Smartphones are increasingly becoming valuable and its consumption is rising. Threats to the Lyft Tech Venture Technology is ever changing because Smartphones appeared has just appeared in the markets, while iPhone and Androids may vanish as technology transforms. The modern technology is also prone to piracy since strict regulations are not in place to handle copyright infringements. Competition is a significant threat to the success and progress of Lyft, as several taxi companies in the transport system are emerging. As consumers familiarize with modern technologies and Smartphone applications are easy to make, too much reliance on the Smartphone and mobile apps may raise security issues in future. Analysis of the Ventures Team Lyft emerged following innovations of two John Zimmer and Logan Green who are the core founders of the Zimride business program. However, Lyft has an advanced venture team of more than ten members, but the five main members comprise: John Zimmer and Logan Green- Co-founders of Lyft Amy Fox- responsible for partnership development in Lyft Beth Stevens- acts as general counsel of Sidecar Corey Owens- works for public policy in Uber Bill Vainisi- acts as the Senior Vice President at Allstate Insurance John Zimmer and Logan Green John Zimmer is a resident of San Francisco and the co-founder of Zimride program. Zimmer went to Cornell University, an institution renowned for intellectual development and broad research and developing innovative future leaders (Zimride 2008). He had once worked with Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc, a financial company that offered global financial-services and investment banking until when it went bankrupt in 2008. Logan Green is also the co-founder of Zimride. Logan Green graduated at university of California at Santa Barbara and has once worked as a sustainability coordinator at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) and a board member of Santa Barbara Metropolitan Transit District (Zimride 2008). Green had a high motivation in the transportation industry. Logan grew up within Southern California and frequently spent most of his time stuck in heavy traffic that always insinuated him. Logan noticed the rising demand for ridesharing program as at the same time annoyed by the empty cabs and people walking on foot (Zimride 2008). Out of his inspiration to change transportation system, Logan Greene began the Zimride in 2007, when he launched his first car-share program around Santa Barbra. Following the successful adoption and integration of the Zimride, a Business week program recognized Logan Green as Top 25 Entrepreneurs in business economics from the Santa Barbara region (Zimride 2008). Being a Lyft driver, Logan Green has had a dream of transforming the world transport system through 80% achievement of the Zimride. Conclusion and Recommendations fo r Crossing the Chasm Conclusively, following an increase in risks associated with venturing in new business innovations, it is increasing becoming uneasy for financiers from topmost venture capital companies to fund these new businesses without proof of future progression. An emergent innovation must show proof that the technology will get a market reputation (Warford 2004). After a proper analysis of Lyft tech venture using business model canvas and the SWOT assessment tools, Lyft venture has to do much to ensure diffusion of innovation of the emergent Zimride program. Target Customer Although the Zimride and the Lyft tech venture have targeted the most diverse and needy market that is the transport industry, members should remain cautious about the preference and abilities of the targeted consumers (Louise 2013). From an analytical view, peer-to-peer rideshare may involve the youthful population that is incapable of providing donations that are imperative for paying Lyft community drivers. Teenagers may enjoy the riding offered, and therefore, change of policies may be necessary. Compelling reason to buy The global traffic industry is ever growing as few individuals can afford personal cars even to date. Offering free rides to the needy travelers daily across the cities makes Zimride a unique business venture that may survive for quite some decades. The population of America is swelling with many medium class individuals seeking jobs in towns and cities, but unable to afford personal rides. To improve trust to the Zimride, certain payment standards should prevail to discourage joy riders. Competition Zimride has provided the best solution to passengers, who experience inconvenience from the costly pay cab drivers. Just as people have adopted and exhausted other technologies, the same technological innovation may undergo manipulation to design a different innovation, as Americans are still technologically suave (Zimride 2008). People may fear ridesharing with people they are unfamiliar with and this may provide a chance for new tech businesses to take over the transit system. Partners and allies The Zimride program has already started receiving external support and donors. The relationship with other independent companies is increasing. However, Zimride and other supportive programs may not have the capacity to continue influencing people to use their personal highly valued cars for the Zimride program. Zimride requires highly moral drivers who cannot ask for cash payments to take people for the peer-to-peer riding privileges. To ensure smooth progress, Lyft and Zimride program must strengthen its operational policies. References Akhilesh, K 2013, Emerging Dimensions of Technology Management, Springer, London. Dyson, R 2004, ‘Strategic development and SWOT analysis at the University of Warwick’, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 152, no. 3, pp. 631–640. Louise, M 2013, ‘A knowledge exchange and dif fusion of innovation (KEDI) model for primary production’, British Food Journal, vol. 115, no. 4, pp. 614-631. Lyft: Providence: Warm, Fuzzy Rides Coming Your Way 2014. Web. Manzano, G, Ayala, J, Castresana, J, Parras, M 2012 ‘Factors Affecting the Growth of New Firms: A Multidisciplinary Perspective’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 46, no. 4, pp.16-20. Osterwalder, A Pigneur, Y 2013, Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers, John Wiley Sons, London. Warford, M 2004, ‘Testing a Diffusion of Innovations in Education Model (DIEM)’, The Innovation Journal, vol.10, no.3, pp.1-41. Zimride: A carpool community 2008. Web.

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus was born just about 69 CE during which time the Julio-Claudian dynasty collapsed devoid of a direct successor. During this time, the Senatorial commanders of provincial armies had to result to war in order to tackle the question of succession.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Suetonius father was a tribune of the armed forces and was theretofore involved in the battle of Betriacum during the reign of the four Emperors. When the battle ended, the Flavian dynasty conquered and this ushered in the empire of the Caesars as the novel rulers of Rome. Conceivably, it was as a result of his fate being entangled with such events that motivated Suetonius to make a decision of writing the history of the Caesars Empire. In any case, Suetonius was a chief witness for Romes early empire which makes his account of the Roman Empire viable. Sueton ius took to literature and law where he held several positions in the imperial regime’s progressively professional system of government. At one time, Suetonius worked under Hadrian where he used his literary and legal skills while working at diverse secretarial positions at the imperial palace. It is said that he was later dismissed by Hadrian for allegedly behaving in an improper manner towards the empress Sabina. However, before being dismissed, Suetonius had gathered firsthand experience within the internal dealings of the empire. He is also said to have had access to the imperial archives and had profound communication with several significant people within the empire. In general, Suetonius possessed the familiarity and education to develop into an important element of Romes uprising proficient intellectuals. Even though Suetonius wrote several books, my main concern, lies in his biographies of colonial characters, in ‘The Twelve Caesars.’ His memoirs start w ith Julius Caesar and ends with Domitian. This paper aims at evaluating the culture of Rome by assessing ‘The Twelve Caesars, â€Å"Julius Caesar, Nero and Vespasian by Gaius Suetonius. The paper attempts to find out Suetonius views on public power, the manner in which the government controlled the rulers and how power should be used by those who possess it. In this amazing synopsis of the dozen pseudo-monarchs, Suetonius does not conceal the crimes by the Roman emperors but presents the facts to the best of his knowledge. Even though there has been some debate disputing the authenticity of some of Suetonius accounts as mere hearsay, he had access to relevant sources of information. After going through Suetonius biographies, we often get the feeling that Roman history was much better than the crude gossip that are experienced in our present scandalous media.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In view of Julius Caesar, Suetonius begins by representing some of the conquests he made, which take account of Gaul and the civil war, in opposition to Pompey the Great. He also describes Caesar’s decree of â€Å"Veni, vidi, vici which is translated to mean, â€Å"I came, I saw, I conquered†. He also quotes Caesar during his battle with Pompey the Great as he said, That man (Pompey) does not know how to win a war. In this war, he was nearly defeated. On an account of this incident, it can be said that the leaders of that time were courageous, persistent and settled for nothing less than success. Suetonius described Julius Caesar as a man who was quick to listen to people’s grievance. This is unlike Nero who was not keen on People’s criticism. Julius Caesar is also described by Suetonius to be a man of his words. This can be explained using the incident at the meridian sea with the pirates. Caesar was taken ‘into custody by t he pirates and was only let free after parting with a ransom of 20 Andrew Hadrill-Wallace, 1983.Suetonius: the scholar and his Caesars. (London: Duckworth, 1983), talents of gold. He had promised them that he would be released, capture them and then crucify them. After he was let free, Caesar accomplished his promise of by taking the pirates into custody and crucifying them. Caesar was also friendly to his soldiers as instead of calling them soldiers, he referred to them as comrades. This is an indication that it was the norms of the leaders during this era to win loyalty among the administration and the people they served. Such kind of loyalty facilitated leadership as there existed mutual interests between the leaders and the people. A further scrutiny of the history of the Roman culture reveals that some leaders of that time were particularly unsympathetic and cruel. With regards to Nero, Suetonius describes him as strict and insensitive. The exploits of Nero was full of brutalit y and absurdity. For instance, it is said that he killed his mother because she was opposed to his marriage to his mistress. Moreover, he maliciously killed some of his wives for no good reasons. He was greedy and was only interested in his own ambitions in his style of leadership. At the end, Nero is said to have committed suicide as he was rejected by his soldiers and the public declared him to be an enemy of the people. This is an indication that the people were not happy with his cruelty and had to result to that verdict in order to show their discontentment with that kind of leadership. Suetonius exhibits this negative aspect of leadership when he claims that Nero’s death was an end of an era of Julio-ClaudiansAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vespasian took over after the death of Nero. He was the first Flavian to become an emperor in Rome afte r a revolt in Judea. He was born in 9 A.D and ruled for ten years before he died a natural death in 79 A.D. Suetonius explains that the other emperors who were before him were chaotic. According to Suetonius, Vespasian was the best person to lead Rome as he brought peace and tranquility as well as economic stability to Rome. Suetonius claims that his leadership was based on honesty. This was despite the fact that he was considered to be greedy and pretentious as he had omens consultations and had other armies supporting him. He also raised the tax for his people, which at the end of the day benefitted them. He was a man who fulfilled his words. Vespasian is claimed to be an extortionist but this was to reclaim the economic stability of his people. By the time Vespasian was dying, he had brought Rome back to economic stability. In light of the three Caesars, Suetonius is of the opinion that good governance should be beneficial to the people. It should bring about peace, tranquility a s well as economic stability to the people. According to Suetonius, a good leader should be honest and ensure effective policies that enhance tax collection. Vespasian was honest and he also facilitated the collection of taxes. In as much as Vespasian was greedy, his people benefitted from his leadership style. On the other hand, Suetonius postulates an effective leader should not misuse power or be as greedy and egoistic as Nero but should be selfless and have the people’s interests at heart. Bibliography Tranquillus, Gaius Suetonius. The Twelve Caesars. Translated by Alexander Thomson. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957. Hadrill-Wallace, Andrew. Suetonius: The Scholar and his Caesars. London: Duckworth, 1983.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

CRIMINAL JUSTICE - ANALYSIS OF A MOVIE Term Paper

CRIMINAL JUSTICE - ANALYSIS OF A MOVIE - Term Paper Example One of the scenes has Irwin Fletcher, who is a journalist under the name Jane Doe, trying to buy drugs from a suspected dealer, Sam. He is approached by Alan Stanwyk on the beach, only in this scene Fletcher identifies himself as Ted Nugent, with the offer of $1000 just to listen to an offer Mr. Alan had to make. The offer Alan makes while inside his home office is for Fletch to kill him, Alan because he was suffering from bone cancer, and Fletch would be paid $50000. As justifiable as this may sound for many, mercy killing is a crime punishable under law. In the event the two are caught, they both can be prosecuted for murder and colluding to murder, on Alan’s part. When one goes to court for mercy killing, the charge is plainly murder, and it is the judge to consider the â€Å"mercy† element during his sentencing as per the provisions under The Criminal Justice Act 2003, Schedule 21 (Becker, 2005). Another element of crime that surfaces while in Alan’s office is that of insurance fraud. The suggestion that suicide would nullify the insurances policy Alan’s company has on him is a clear idea that Alan is motivated by money. His intents are to have his wife benefit from the insurance money in the result of his death, which would not be the case in the occurrence of a suicide. The penalties for this could lead to imprisonment and the withdrawal of the insurance policy placed on him. Section 1347 of Title 18 of the United States Code makes it illegal for this offense and one can be sentenced up to 20 years imprisonment (Becker, 2005). The next crime element can be witnessed in the office of Mr. Alan’s boss where Fletch is impersonating a SEC investigator. This is an attempt to find out if Alan has involved himself with any improprieties. This is a criminal offense of impersonation, especially of a government officer and the use of false identity to acquire con fidential information that

Norms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Norms - Essay Example However, these norms are different from ethical norms because such things as workers’ compensation are part of contract and managers are penalized if they don’t comply with them. However, most of the ethical values are not stipulated in any contract and managers have to be totally answerable to their own conscience. There is no obligation on them. Response to class mate 1: After thoroughly reviewing your response to the question asked, I have reached the conclusion that your response is totally off the track! In the first half of your response, when you insist that workers should learn the norms and traditions of every culture they move into for the purpose of work so that they may not offend the indigenous people of new cultures, and do their job smoothly, you fundamentally talk about ethics. This is what the teachings of ethics are. But this was not the requirement of the question. In the question, you were asked to compare Ethics to other subjects and identify ethica l shades in subjects other than Ethics.

Governments Influence On Public Opinion Media Essay

Governments Influence On Public Opinion Media Essay In the last 50 years the media influence has grown exponentially with the high tech technology, in the early years there was only telegraph, radio and magazines but now a days we have got the number of media channels, internet We live in a society that depends heavily on the information and communication to be at right path, to do the right things and to take right decisions. What we need to be aware is that the most of our decisions, belief and values are based on what we know for a fact, our assumptions, our own experience and studies, however we rely heavily on the media to get current news and facts about what should be done and what should not be? The purpose of this discussion is that our lives rely heavily on the media to know the information and take the right decisions. Coming to our topic of discussion that how government influences the public opinion. As consumers rely heavily on the media organizations for information, governments too rely on media organizations to influence the public opinion whether its through advertisement, public service message or any other way to achieve their primary and secondary objectives too. Thats why we have divided our topic of discussion into three parts The media plays a very important role in shaping and controlling the political opinions. Media is extremely powerful in the sense that without the adequate functioning of the media it is very much impossible for any social structure like government to exist so all of the social structures exists on the medias ability to socialize. The U.S. government generally will exploit the media, often times manipulating the enormous power of the printed word. Ultimately empowering the U.S. government, strengthening it with the ability to determine and control the popular perception of reality. One way in which government achieves this objective, is by its ability to misuse the medias ability to set the agenda. Contrary to popular belief, media is in fact an enormous hegemony. In fact, separate independent news organizations relatively do not exist. Rather than creating an independent structured agenda of there own, generally lesser smaller news organizations adapt to a prepared agenda, previously constructed by a higher medium. Based upon this information alone, it is quite apparent that media functions in adherence to the characteristics of a hierarchy. This simply means that media is structured in a way that it operates functioning from top to bottom. This is also identical to the hierarchical nature of the human body, in that from the commands of the brain transferred through the central nervous system, the body responds accordingly. In order for the U.S. government to control and determine the publics popular perception of reality, the government must shape and oversee the information that the media reports to the existing populous. This particular process of democracy is known and ref erred to by political scientists as cognitive socialization However, many of us, who do not stick to the cushioning of political correctness, refer to it as the propaganda machine. Numerous political scientists consider cognitive socialization to be the most effective form of political socialization. According to theory, cognitive socialization is doctored up information, which is strategically fragmented in such a manipulative manner, that the probability of its rationalization is highly predictable. The manipulative properties of cognitive socialization are so diabolical and tricky in nature, that I consider it to be the ultimate perversion of the democratic process. In all seriousness, numerous intellectuals, and gentleman held in good stature agree, that cognitive socialization is the product of an evil genius. Senator William Fulbright observed in Senate hearings on government and the media in 1966, that so many of our prominent newspapers have become almost agents or adjuncts of the government; that they do not contest or even raise questions about government policy(Refrence) The Professor Noam Chomsky on a book of his entitled Manufacturing Consent, democracy and the media. Mr. Chomsky comments on the unholy alliance between government and media. Indoctrination is the essence of democracy Now the question is that when it is impossible to control the people via force, it is very much possible to control the people what they think. Thats why media is used as an additive applied to a free democratic society to preserver the interest of power elite. (the relationship between government and media) Media and Public Relationship Mass media heavily influences our daily life, with providing of information so we will discuss that: How Mass Media Works Influence Young People Influence Of Violence Image On Kids Shaping Up the Public Opinion. How Mass Media Influence Works Of all the media distribution channels the most influential has been the television, we are constantly exposed to thousands of images and a moving picture is more than 100,000. These words are in the form of images the images of violence, advertising, sex, celebrities and much more. All these are helpful in shaping up the minds of the people, actually they are not shaping up the minds but they are shaping up the public opinion in terms of giving the consumers new values, new psyche and new way of thinking and providing them with new directions. The question is that who are shaping up this public opinion these are those five big companies which owns most of the media channels, cinemas and other sources. Time Warner VIACOM Vivendi Universal Walt Disney News Corp They also own integrated telecommunications, wireless phones, video games softwares, electronic media, the music industry and more. For example if we just try to peep into past it shows that UK ex President Tony Blair won the elections due to the contract with the Murdoch News Corporation to portray the image of Tony Blair. This shows that the media has very great and long lasting influence on the peoples as this example shows that Murdoch Corporation was quite successful in shaping up the public opinion. On the other hand the thing which is quite noticeable that Mr. Tony blair contracted a company which has a wide area of coverage, which shows that the wide area of coverage helped him to shape large number peoples mind. Years ago there was more diversity in companies, but they have merged so now they are just a few and they have been successful in shaping up the opinion and beliefs of us and our kids. It has become very much important for any parent to have a look on what their kids are watching and the material is not going to conflict with norms and values. For example if we just have a look on the Pakistani kids now a days they have just been very much addicted to Indian culture that they dont any more remember the Pakistani culture they dont have the knowledge that in Islam marriage is based on Nikkah but I have seen some of the kids asking their parents that when the couple is going to take rounds around the fire. India media has been very much successful in shaping the norms, values and most important the minds of our kids. How Does Mass Media Influence Young People As we all know that the mass medias heavy reliance is on the advertisements, media organizations earn billion of dollars. This advertisement is shaping the minds of the people regarding their buying behaviors. All the people exposed to these advertisements try to buy the same thing that was in the advertisement. As there are some positive and negative influences of the media so they try to influence the young minds these young minds can may have positive influence or may have the negative one but in both cases the media is influencing the young mind, if young mind is doing a lot of exercise just seeing someone his/her favorite sportsman doing that then its a positive influence but if he/she starts smoking then its a negative image. In both the cases media is trying to project something onto the young mind whether its a good or bad but the question is that why young minds accept all these things dont they have to do something else. The answer is that every young one has got some of the peer pressure so whenever they are trying to do something its just of peer pressure to get accepted between his friends, no matter how this will impact the health of a person but the young people just wants to be accepted in their friends. This thing shows that media is playing two way game projecting both the positive and negative image in order to achieve their objectives. Media is quite capable to project a bad image a positive one and positive one to negative but in both the cases they are influencing the young minds. Another negative influence in teenagers that has grown over the last years is anorexia and obesity. There are millions of adolescents fighting obesity, but at the same time they are exposed to thousands of advertisements of junk food, while the ideas image of a successful person is told to be thin and wealthy. Also more women are obsessive with losing weight even when they are not obese; there are many thin women that want to look like the super models and thin celebrities so they engage in eating disorders which lead to severe health issues and even death. (Hubpages) How media influence public opinion As we have discussed above and continue to discuss that media has got a great impact on the society for shaping up the public opinion whether thats a political campaign, an advertisement to make you fat, broadcasting successful characters or a terrorist attack in every situation media is trying to influence. Wilton Sekzer in a movie states: I was travelling in a subway there comes a point where the wheels of the subway screech loudly, there the towers of the World Trade Centre were in perfect symmetry so I didnt know that which one is my sons building, I was thinking that cannot be my sons building because everyone inside that building gonna die, watching TV every 5 minutes they gonna show the falling towers. I am watching your news cast. How many times you gonna show got damn towers falling down, dont you have any respect for those, who have got family and friends inside there. (Why we fight, 2005) Now if we have just have a look on the above discussed example that after 9/11 the US media was trying to shape up the public opinion in a way of creating hater in the minds of populous for the Al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden. This shaped up the public opinion for war against terrorism and the same public opinion helped the US government for the war against Iraq. This shows that media has great power which has changed the public opinion of 80% of the Americans. Advertisements for Political Parties by Media If we just have a look on the advertisements of Pakistani political parties during the political campaigns, all of the parties whether that was in rule or in opposition both will be trying to influence the public opinion in a way that people cast their votes to the ruling party or the one in the opposition, for this purpose they try their level best to count of their best works during their ruling time. On the other hand they try to show in their advertisements that what plans they have got for the next five years. Conclusively they always try to influence the public opinion in a way that change peoples mind to cast their vote to the relative parties. There are number of other ways to influence the public opinion which includes polls and trends especially in political campaigns. The candidates that can pay more for TV and media exposure have more influence on public opinion and thus can receive more votes. This suite up the same example we discussed above about the Tony Blairs contract with Murdoch Corporation to win the elections GOVERNMENT INFLUENCE ON PUBLIC OPINION The influencing works on the agenda setting program which says that the government has to rely on the media organization for influencing the public opinion. The same is the case discussed by the Agenda setting. Agenda Setting The agenda setting theory states that the mass media has got a heavy influence on the audiences by their choices of what to report, how to report and how much worth and space should be for the issue. The salient feature is the ability of mass media to transfer issues of importance from mass media agenda to public agenda. (Brooks, Brian S., et al., 2003) Functions of Agenda Setting The agenda-setting function has multiple components: Media agenda are issues discussed in the media, such as newspapers, television, and radio. Public agenda are issues discussed and personally about members of the public. Policy agenda are issues that policy makers consider important, such as legislators. Corporate agenda are issues that big business and corporations consider important, including corporations. These four agendas are interrelated. The two basic assumptions underlie most research on agenda-setting are that the press and the media do not reflect reality, they filter and shape it, and the media concentration on a few issues and subjects leads the public to perceive those issues as more important than other issues. (Brooks, Brian S., et al., 2003) Now coming back to our topic of discussion that how governments can influence the public opinion according to the agenda setting theory discussed above there are a two ways for any government to influence the public opinion the one is direct influence and other is indirect influence. Direct Influence Direct influence is a kind of influence in which the government tries to influence through their speeches and press conferences. Speeches: If we just have a look on any of the speeches of the prime ministers, presidents or even the ministers they are actually trying to influence the public opinion that they are trying to influence the people that they are doing good and taking the right decisions they are actually shaping the public opinion but a single statement can set up agenda for the media. Press conferences: Press conference is another important source of influencing the public like we every day see that somebody is conducting a press conference in which the government or non government officials try to tell to the people via media organizations about the ground realities but in some cases to portray the issue favorably they try to use different methods which includes Secrecy: an important tool that governments use to influence or avoid media coverage. Governments release information as part of a general media strategy to influence the media agenda and frame issues favorably (McCloskey, 1990, p. 119). Governments  often attempt to conceal information from other governments and the public. These  state secrets  can include  weapon  designs, military plans,  diplomatic  negotiation  tactics, and secrets obtained illicitly from others (intelligence). Most nations have some form of  Official Secrets Act  (the  Espionage Act  in the  U.S.) and classify material according to the level of protection needed (hence the term classified information). An individual needs a  security clearance  for access and other protection methods, such as keeping documents in a  safe, are stipulated. Few people dispute the desirability of keeping  Critical Nuclear Weapon Design Information  secret, but many believe government secrecy to be excessive and too often employed for political purposes. Many countries have laws that attempt to limit government secrecy, such as the U.S.  Freedom of Information Act  and  sunshine laws. Government officials sometimes  leaking formation they are supposed to keep secret. Secrecy in elections is a growing issue, particularly secrecy of vote counts on computerized vote counting machines. While voting, citizens are acting in a unique sovereign or owner capacity (instead of being a subject of the laws, as is true outside of elections) in selecting their government servants. It is argued that secrecy is impermissible as against the public in the area of elections where the government gets all of its power and taxing authority. In any event, permissible secrecy varies significantly with the context involved. (Bok, 1989) Disinformation Disinformation is the false information that is spread deliberately. It sometimes called Black Propaganda. It can include the distribution or spreading of malicious rumors and fabricated intelligence. In the military agencies there is an extensive use of this technique to hide ones course of action. Disinformation is also helpful in the cases where the government needs to hide some of the details in order to keep the emotions high or to portray the issues favorably. This can be done by manipulation of the audience at the rational level by either discrediting, conflicting or supporting false conclusions. Another technique of concealing facts, or censorship, is also used if the group can affect such control. When channels of information cannot be completely closed, they can be rendered useless by filling them with disinformation, effectively lowering their signal-to-noise ratio and discrediting the opposition by association with a lot of easily-disproved false claims. To further understand the concept of disinformation can be clarified by the example that America has faced very high life losses in war against terrorism so government to avoid any opposition of war, the government officials will tell there is a high rate of death rate for enemy and no or very less soldiers have lost their lives. This is actually providing the people with emotional support that America is quite successful in war against terrorism and people will not oppose the war. In 1957 the  CIA  knew about the  Mayak accident  but the information was not released publicly because of the reluctance of the CIA to highlight a nuclear accident in the USSR, that could cause concern among people living near nuclear facilities in the USA. (Makhijani, 2008) Now this shows that governments provide sometimes wrong information to the media so that media cannot shape the issue as they want and create a distrust in the minds of the people but they try to shape up the content as they want, this is another way of influencing the people via shaping up the content in a way as government wants. Denial of access of information: Its an important technique to manage media coverage. Officials release only that information they want to be released. For instance, in 1983 when the Reagan Administration ordered troops to the Caribbean island of Grenada, the Pentagon refused to take reporters along (Purvis, 2001, p. 243). Similarly, the Bush administration and the Pentagon restricted and carefully controlled information and media access during the 1991 Gulf war, in sharp contrast to the freedom allowed the press and the coverage of Vietnam War. Woodward (1996) revealed that the restriction list was two-pages long and included a number of restrictions on information and travel (p. 174). Now adding up to the above discussion that the media shapes up the public opinion but sometimes Governments also have to use different strategies to shape up the matter as they want rather than allowing the media to shape up the matter according to themselves. Thats why governmental officials have got media handling strategies. Indirect influence Now coming towards the indirect influence as this is conducted through the media organizations actually the government sets up the agenda for the media organizations to discuss, to broadcast and to influence the public opinion. There are two ways of indirect influence which includes: Advertisements Talk shows Advertisements: Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade its viewers, readers or listeners to take some action. It usually includes the name of a product or service and how that product or service could benefit the consumer, to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume that particular brand. Modern advertising developed with the rise of mass production in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased consumption of their products or services through branding, which involves the repetition of an image or product name in an effort to associate related qualities with the brand in the minds of consumers. Different types of media can be used to deliver these messages, including traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, billboards or direct mail. Advertising may be placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization. Organizations that spend money on advertising promoting items other than a consumer product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies. Non-profit organizations may rely on free modes of persuasion, such as a public service announcement. (Oxford Journals) Public Service announcements: An advertisement broadcast on radio or television, for the public interest. They are to modify public attitudes by raising awareness about specific issues. The most common topics of PSAs are health, safety. Such advertising is generally produced and distributed on a cooperative basis by governmental agencies or nonprofit organizations acting in concert with private advertising and mass media companies. In most cases, the nonprofit provides the programming that is to be advertised, while the participating advertising agency and media companies provide creative services, media planning, and dissemination services on a pro bono basis. Some television shows featuring very special episodes made PSAs after the episodes. For example, Conrad Bain of Different Strokes spoke two PSAs after the episodes dealing with child sexual abuse and hitchhiking Now days we every day watch tv and read newspaper there are lot of advertisements from government or government institutions side which give us a message or information regarding some of the issues. For example child sexual abuse is very much high in Pakistan so there is a repetitive message via different media organizations that Dont let your child to be alone with a A very much common ad we use to see in the newspaper or TV that is from the FBR (federal board of revenue) which says that Tax is your liability you have to pay it All these kinds of ads and public service announcements are for the purpose of making the people get aware and shaping up the public opinion in a way that people starts doing the things that what government says. Talk Show A talk show is a television or radio program where one person (or group of people) will discuss various topics put forth by a talk show host. Sometimes, talk shows feature a panel of guests, usually consisting of a group of people who are learned or who have great experience in relation to whatever issue is being discussed on the show for that episode. Other times, a single guest discusses their work or area of expertise with a host or co-hosts. A call-in show takes live phone calls from callers listening at home, in their cars, etc. (wikipedia, 2009). Now to understand that how we indirectly get influence through talk shows. As we have discussed above the speeches or the press conferences as a direct source of influencing the people. Now just for a minute if we think that there is a statement by any of the government official that Pakistan is giving access to Black Water to nuclear weapon. This opens up the agenda for public and the media. Now media organizations start inviting the government officials to the talk shows and discuss the circumstances that Why Pakistan is giving access. What will they do with Pakistans nuclear weapons and lot of questions will be raised. The answers of these questions will be actually to influence the public opinion that whatever Pakistan is doing is in the large interest of the public and so on. This is how the government official indirectly influences the public opinion. In the same way the agenda can be raised up by the public or media. Again the government officials have to influence the public opinion in order to continue the government. Statements That Changed Up the Public Opinion Jan 17, 1961 President Dwight Eisenhowers stated: My fellow Americans this evening I come to you with a message of leave taking and to share few final thoughts with you my country men, we have been compelled to create a permanent arm industry of vast proportion. Three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in defense establishment. The total influence economic, political and even spiritual is felt in every city, every state house and every office of the follower government. We have recognized the imperative need for this development, yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications in councils of government we must guard against the acquisition of unwanted influence whether sort or unsort by the military industrial complex the potential for the disastrous rise of misplace power exists and will persists . (Jarecki, 2005) Iraq is a supporter of terrorist groups, inc Liberation Front, and Hamas (Why we fight) Iraq is paying $25, 000 per suicide bombing (Why we fight) CONCLUSION Now the governments heavily influence the public which has been demonstrated by different statements which shows that America brought Saddam Hussain to conquer Kuwait and after that they have used different statements against Saddam Hussain and his country and media developed an agenda upon those statements which changed the public opinion and America has to attack on Iraq. The concept is that government is the supreme power of the country and can shape up the incident as they want whether in the positive way or a negative one. We have also seen that governments keep some of the issues hidden from the public but all of these issues are intentionally kept hidden to avoid the opposition of the decision. All the above study has crystallized the topic Government Influence on Public Opinion that its true that governments do influences sometimes directly and sometimes indirectly.